Societal-level impacts of online VAWG

A summary of the evidence on societal level impacts of online violence against women and girls (VAWG).

Online violence against women and girls (VAWG) has costs to individuals and their families, to businesses, and to the wider society and economy. However, most studies are based in high-income countries and not gender-disaggregated. Few VAWG studies specifically consider online forms of VAWG.

Harmful online discourse and behaviour both reflects and amplifies the same social norms that underpin other forms of violence against women and girls, often in racist and discriminatory ways. There is an evidence gap in the measurement of the impact on social norms, and the development of tools to measure norms is at a nascent stage.

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